The former player: 'I really wanted to carry on my rugby career'
Warning: This piece contains descriptions of racially offensive language and conduct
FormerEngland centre Luther Burrell claims that going public to reveal racism in rugby union led his professional journey to an early conclusion.
In a 2022 interview, Burrell characterized racism as being "rife" in the game, displaying Whatsapp messages and recalling training ground "comments" he had been subject to while representing Newcastle.
At that time 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only professional rugby since has been three appearances with guest team the Barbarians.
"I have absolutely had to retire because of what occurred," he told media outlets.
"I really wanted to carry on playing, of course I did. I sought that, and it collapsed when news came out that there were investigations going on.
"This situation was challenging - I had to just accept the outcome and accept that this whole process is a lot more important than me."
A sports organization investigation in 2023 found Burrell's allegations were true "on the balance of probability", but stated it could not collect sufficient evidence to definitively say they happened at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell started all of England's international games in 2014-15, but was surprisingly excluded for their team for the 2015 tournament
Burrell told media he also faced prejudice within the England team environment, during a international career that saw him earn 15 appearances after his debut in 2014.
"I have had several distressing experiences within England camp," he stated.
"Some discrimination and some just outdated thinking that's really unacceptable."
Racism had become normalised in dressing rooms, in Burrell's view.
"This is something that has been dressed up as banter and that's been the issue that I've personally experienced and witnessed," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican heritage.
"Over a extended period you just learn to think that it's the norm and that is fine and that it's not harmful, but that's incorrect."
Burrell says he was finally motivated to go public after a fellow player at Newcastle referred to him as a "slave" and instructed him to put sunscreen on his wrists and ankles "where your shackles were."
The rugby authority said Burrell's disclosures had led to "increased scrutiny at the environment within the professional level and to the introduction of an strategy for the professional game."
"We has given considerable focus on inclusion and inclusion in rugby union and a great deal of work undertaken both prior and since Luther Burrell came forward and revealed his encounters of racism and class discrimination," it added.
"The organization are continuing work with clubs and stakeholders in the elite level to work for a environment of inclusivity but recognize this takes time and is an continuous effort."
Every Premiership and PWR club now has face-to-face education on creating inclusive environments, with its success monitored via specific documentation and surveys.
All England players, including youth squads, are educated in being "active bystanders" to step in and protect others from damaging conduct.
"You be so proud of what you have done," Burrell's mother Joyce said to him as part of the documentary about his experiences.
"I know it has had this impact on you and ended your career, but in our view, you have done so much. We are so impressed of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's father Geoff died soon after the production of the documentary, and his sibling passed away earlier this year.
Burrell, who was raised on a social housing in Huddersfield, maintains his work to make the game more open.
His charitable organization works to connect with children in under-served communities and support them succeed both on the field with free sports training, mentoring and nutrition education.
"My motivations are pure, I want to see the progress of the sport and if nobody else is willing to share their story then I'll persist to advocate for that fight because I'm not just doing this for myself," he explained.
"Everyone involved have an obligation to make the game as great as it can be and the longer I speak about it hopefully the more confident fellow players will feel about sharing their personal experiences as well.
"I need to grab the bull by the horns and keep bearing this flag and continue carrying this weight and accomplish what I can to develop opportunities and make the sport more appealing and more inclusive.
"There are a lot of underprivileged young people and a lot of economic hardship and I sincerely believe that rugby has the potential to change their lives, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a return to previous team Northampton in late 2022